Unit+05+Review+-+The+Cold+War

Questions for Cold War and the Twentieth Century AP World History [B]

= Identification: = Berlin Airlift Berlin Blockade Berlin Wall- The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls. Which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that he wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, he Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period...Ashley K. Checkpoint Charlie Iron Curtain- Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the division between free and communist societies taking shape in Europe after 1946...Ashley K. George F. Kennan Marshall Plan- Program of substantial loans initiated by the United States in 1947; designed to aid Western nations in rebuilding from the war's devastation; vehicle for American economic dominance...Ashley K. Sec. George Marshall MAD Cuban Missile Crisis Francis Gary Powers U-2 ICBM MIRV ABM Treaty SALT SALT II START B-52 bomber B-1 bomber B-2 bomber NORAD SAC Detente NATO Warsaw Pact- The Treaty of Freindship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, more commonly reffered to as the Warsaw Pact, was a mutual defense treaty between eight Communist States of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The founding treaty was established under the initiative of he Soviet Union amd signed on 14 May 1955, in Warsaw. The Warsaw Pact was the military compliment to he Council for Mutual Exonomic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was in part a Soviet military reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955, per the Paris Pacts of 1954 but was primarily motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe which in turn to maintain peace in Europe, guided by the objective points and principles of the Charter of the United Nations (1945)...Ashley K. United Nations- The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 to promote international cooperation. A replacement for the innefective League of Nations, the organization was created followin World War II to peevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member States; there are now 193. The UN Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City with further main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disasters and armed conflict...Ashley K. Security Council Non-Aligned Nations Fidel Castro- Cuban revolutionary; overthrew dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1958; initiated series of reforms to establish Socialist reforms; came to depend almost exclusively on USSR...Ashley K. Fulgencio Batista- Dictator of Cuba from 1934 to 1944; returned to presidency in 1952; ousted from government by revolution led by Fidel Castro...Ashley K.  Che Gueverra- Argentine revolutionary; aided Fidel Castro in overthrow of Fulgencio Batista; died while directing guerilla movement in Bolivia in 1967...Ashley K.  European Economic Community- The Common Market; an alliance of six European nations (German, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands) set up to begin creation of a single economic entity across national boundaries in 1958; later joined by Britian, Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Swedan, Austria and Finland; during the early 1990s, the Community changed its name to the European Union and planned further economic integration...Ashley K.  European Union NAFTA Mikhail Gorbachev- USSR ruler after 1985; renewed attacks on Stalinism; urged reduction in nuclear armament; proclaimed policies of glasnost and peresroika...Ashley K. Boris Yeltsin- Began to move up the ladder of the Communist party in Soviet Union in 1968, becoming First Secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee in 1985; initially a loyal backer of Gorbachev but increasingly criticized him for unduly slow pace of reform; stood up to a coup attemptin 1991 but then managed to displace Gorbachev; in his position as president of the Russian Republic, sponsored several sunsequent constitutional provisions amd weathered battles with opponents in Parliament...Ashley K.  CIA KGB Yalta Conference- Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britian and the Soviet Union in 1945; agreed to Soviet entry into the Pacific war in return for possessions in Manchuria, organization of the United Nations; disputed the division of political organization in the eastern European states to be reestablished after the war...Ashley K. Operation Castle Robert Oppenheimer Edward Teller


 * __ Review Questions: __**
 * 1) What was the importance of the Atlantic Charter? The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement issued in August 1941 that, early in World War II, defined the Allied goals for the post-war world. It was drafted by the leaders of Britian and the United States, and later agreed to by all the allies. The charter stated the ideal goals of the war: no territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people; restoration of self-government to those deprived of it; free access to raw materials; reduction of trade retrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of agressor nations. In the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, the Allies of World War II pledged adherence to this charter's principles. The Atlantic Charter set goals for the post-warnworld. It inspired many of the interntional agreements that shaped the world. The General Agreement on Tarrifs and Trade (GATT), the post-war independance of European colonies, and much more are derived from the Atlantic Charter...Ashley K.
 * 2) The United Nations initially met in San Francisco. What were the circumstances that led to the move to New York City?
 * 3) What is the Security Council, and how does it impact global collective security.
 * 4) The post war division of Germany (and Berlin) had a number of different consequences. What were they?
 * 5) Why did the Soviet Union blockade Berlin in the 1940s?
 * 6) What policy was instituted by the United States in relation to the perceived global advancement of communism by the Soviet Union?
 * 7) What is Mutual Assured Destruction?
 * 8) What is the difference between an atomic bomb and a hydrogen bomb?
 * 9) What was Operation Castle? Why was this test considered to be the worst radiological disaster in American history?
 * 10) How did the Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile change warfare?
 * 11) How effective would strategies like bomb shelters and “duck and cover” have been in the event of a nuclear attack?
 * 12) What was the significance of NATO, and why was it created?
 * 13) What was the purpose of the Warsaw Pact?
 * 14) In what other political/military organizations (that bore similarities to NATO) was the United States participate?
 * 15) How did the Cold War play out in other parts of the globe – i.e. Latin America, Subsaharan Africa, East and South East Asia?
 * 16) What countries were considered to be part of a group known as the Non-Aligned Nations?
 * 17) How did the Cuban Revolution of the 1950s lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis of the 1960s.
 * 18) How did the United States and the Soviet Union go about the process of reducing their nuclear arsenals?
 * 19) What was the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?
 * 20) What was the Anti-Ballastic Missile Treaty?
 * 21) During the Nixon Administration, the United States adopted a policy called Détente in relation to the Soviet Union. What is Détente?
 * 22) Henry Kissinger attempted to create a three way balance of power during the last half of the twentieth century between the US, USSR, and the PRC. How successful was he.
 * 23) What’s a proxy war?
 * 24) What are the similarities between the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
 * 25) What were the proxy wars fought between the US and USSR after World War II?
 * 26) How does the Space Race factor into the Cold War?
 * 27) What were the difficulties encountered by NASA as it attempted to meet President Kennedy’s goal of landing a man on the moon before the end of the decade?
 * 28) What was the SALT Treaty? How does it differ from the START Treaty?
 * 29) What is an ICBM? How does it alter strategy in the nuclear age?
 * 30) How large were the arsenals of the nuclear powers during the Cold War?
 * 31) What factors brought about the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, and the demise of the Soviet Union?