Unit+05+Review+-+World+War+I

Questions for World War I and Versailles AP World History [B]

= Identification: = Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip (25 July 1894 – 28 April 1918) was **a Bosnian Serb who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria** and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, on the northern end of the Latin Bridge in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Princip and his accomplices were arrested and implicated by a number of members of the Serbian military, leading Austria-Hungary to issue a démarche to Serbia known as the July Ultimatum. This was **used as pretext for Austria-Hungary's invasion of Serbia**, which then led to World War I. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Kaiser Wilhelm Nicholas II George V Woodrow Wilson Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge Schlieffen Plan Plan XVII AEF BEF 1st Battle of the Marne Battle of Ypres Verdun The Somme Chateau Thierry Belleau Wood Gallipoli Tannenburg Meuse-Argonne Offensive Race to the Sea Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd-George Vittorio Orlando League of Nations- International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; THE UNITED STATES WAS NEVER A MEMBER!!...Ashley K. 14 Points Treaty of Versailles (1919)- Ended World War I; provided for the League of Nation; also punished Germany with loss of territories and the payment of reperations as a result of their "war guilt"; Russia also lost territories with the reestablishment of Eastern European nations such as Poland...Ashly K. Treaty of London (1915) //Sussex// Pledge-- **The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to the latter's entry into the war**. Early in 1916, Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships – but not passenger ships – to be torpedoed without warning. Despite this avowed restriction, a French cross-channel passenger ferry, the Sussex, was torpedoed without warning on March 24, 1916; the ship was severely damaged and about 50 lives were lost. Although no U.S. citizens were killed in this attack, it prompted **President Woodrow Wilson to declare that if Germany were to continue this practice, the United States would break diplomatic relations with Germany. Fearing the entry of the United States into World War I, Germany attempted to appease the United States by issuing, on May 4, 1916, the Sussex pledge,** which promised a change in Germany’s naval warfare policy. The primary elements of this undertaking were:
 * ** Passenger ships would not be targeted **
 * ** Merchant ships would not be sunk until the presence of weapons had been established, if necessary by a search of the ship **
 * ** Merchant ships would not be sunk without provision for the safety of passengers and crew **

In 1917 Germany became convinced they could defeat the Allied Forces by instituting unrestricted submarine warfare before the United States could enter the war. The Sussex pledge was therefore rescinded in January 1917, thereby initiating the decisive stage of the so-called First Battle of the Atlantic. **The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram caused the United States to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917.** //Lusitania-// Lusitania was an ancient Iberian Roman province including approximately all of modern Portugal south of the Douro river and part of modern Spain (the present autonomous community of Extremadura and a small part of the province of Salamanca). It was named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people (an Indo-European people). Its capital was Emerita Augusta and it was initially part of the Roman Republic province of the Hispania Ulterior, before becoming a province of its own in the Roman Empire. Romans first came to the territory around the mid-2nd century BC. A war with Lusitanian tribes, followed, from 155 to 139 BC. In 27 BC, the province was created...Ashley K. Winston Churchill- British prime minister durin World War II; responsible for British resistance to German air assaults...Ashley K. Sir Winston Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill- Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politocal who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century. Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a hiatorian, a writer and an artist. He is the onlyBritish Prime Minister to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature and was the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States...Ashley K. Gen. John J. Pershing Gen. Ludendorf Gen. Helmuth von Moltke Gen. Douglas MacArthur- American commander in Pacific campaign of World War II; headed American occupation government of Japan after the war; later commanded international forces during Korean war...Ashley K. Marshall Foch Gen. Kitchener Capt. Harry Truman- American president from 1945 to 1952; less eager for smooth relations with the Soviet Union that Franklin Roosevelt; authorized use of atomic bomb during World War II; architect of American diplomacy that initiated the cold war...Ashley K. Sgt. Alvin York Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker Baron Manfred von Richtoven Gen. Karl von Bulow Gen. Erich von Falkenhayn Sir Edmund Allenby T.E. Lawrence Gen. Helmuth von Moltke Gen. Hugh Trenchard Hermann Goring George M. Cohen George Creel Marshal Petain U boats Poison Gas- Chemical weapons in World War 1 were primarily used to demoralize, injure and kill entrenched defenders, against whom the indiscriminate and generally slow-moving or static nature of gas clouds would be most effectie. The types of weapons employed ranged from disabling chemicals, such as tear gas and the severe mustard gas, to lethal agerits like phosgene and chlorene. This chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and first total war of 20th century. The killing capacity of gas, however was limited-only four percent of combat deaths were caused by gas. Gas was unlike most other weapons of the period because it was possible to develop effective counter measures, such as gas masks. In the later stags of the war, as the use of gas increased, its overall effectiveness diminished. The widespread use of these agents of chemical warfare, and wartime advances in the competition of high explosives, gave rise to an occassionally expressed view of World War 1 as 'The Chemists' War'...Ashley K. Artillery


 * __ Review Questions: __**
 * 1) Who is Gavrilo Princip, and why is he important to the study of the Great War?
 * 2) What is the Triple Entente? How does it differ from the Triple Alliance? Who then are the Allied and Associated Powers?
 * 3) What is the Race to the Sea? The Race to the Sea is a name given to the period early in the First World War when the two sides were still engaged in mobil warfare on the Western Front. With the German advance stalled at the Firt Battle of the Marne, the opponents continually attempted to outflank each other through north-eastern France. This brought the forces to positions prepared under British Admirality guidance, on the North Sea coast in Western Belgium. The nature of operations then changed to trench warfare, which is extremely large-scale siege warfare. This produced a continuous front line of trench fortifications more than 320 kilometres (200 miles) long, which by the following spring extended from the coast to the Swiss border...Ashley K.
 * 4) What were the significant battles of the Great War, who the significant people who fought in them, and what were their accomplishments?
 * 5) What role does technology play in this conflict? What were the significant technological advances made prior to and during the Great War?
 * 6) Why is the First World War known as the “War to end all Wars”?
 * 7) Why are the Americans so late in entering the war?
 * 8) Why were the Japanese so late in entering the war?
 * 9) What were the consequences of the Russian capitulation?
 * 10) In terms of their success on the battlefield, assess the various battle plans put in place by the combatants of the Great War.
 * 11) Histories of the Great War tend to focus on the battlefield rather than on the home front. So what conditions did civilians on both sides of the front have to endure during the First World War?
 * 12) What is the Sussex Pledge, and how does it relate to unrestricted submarine warfare? Just for grins, what the heck is unrestricted submarine warfare?
 * 13) What were the major naval battles that were fought during Great War, and what was their outcome?
 * 14) What is the HMS Dreadnought? How does it impact the arms buildup that occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
 * 15) Assess the strategies employed by each nation in the First World War. How successful were they at accomplishing the goals established by each nation prior to the outbreak of hostilities?
 * 16) Who is George Creel, and why is he significant to understanding the results of the Great War?
 * 17) What is the Zimmerman telegram? How does it change the course of the war?
 * 18) Who were the “Big Four” at the Versailles Peace Conference?
 * 19) What was the Amalgamation Controversy?
 * 20) What contribution did the United States make toward fighting in the Great War?
 * 21) What did President Wilson mean when he called for “…the self-determination of people”?
 * 22) What were the political consequences of the Versailles Peace treaty (not just for the people of Europe and the United States, but for other nations around the globe)
 * 23) How was President Wilson received when he arrived in Europe after the Armistice? Who accompanied him on this diplomatic mission (more importantly – who did not?)
 * 24) What is the League of Nations, and what exactly is “collective security”
 * 25) The Versailles Peace Conference tackled a number of difficult issues like the Polish Question, redrawing the boundaries of Europe, and how to deal with colonial and extra-territorial issues. The most intractable of these issues appears to be the question of compensation. How was each of the combatants compensated for the losses incurred during the war? What was Wilson favor a non-vindictive peace?
 * 26) What is the Balfour Declaration, and how does it impact he post-war world?
 * 27) What happened in the Hall of Mirrors, and how does it shape the rest of the twentieth century?
 * 28) How does the Senate react to the Versailles Peace Treaty?
 * 29) How does the Great War differ from previous conflicts in human history?
 * 30) What were the lessons learned from the Great War (both individually and nationally)?